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1机床的制造误差 1 machine tool manufacturing error 机床的制造误差主要包括主轴回转误差、导轨误差和传动链误差。 The manufacturing error of machine tool mainly including the error of spindle, guide and transmission chain errors. 主轴回转误差是指主轴各瞬间的实际回转轴线相对其平均回转轴线的变动量，它将直接影响被加工工件的精度。主轴回转误差产生的主要原因有主轴的同轴度误差、轴承本身的误差、轴承之间的同轴度误差、主轴绕度等。导轨是机床上确定各机床部件相对位置关系的基准，也是机床运动的基准。导轨本身的制造误差、导轨的不均匀磨损和安装质量是造成导轨误差的重要因素。传动链误差是指传动链始末两端传动元件间相对运动的误差。它是由传动链中各组成环节的制造和装配误差，以及使用过程中的磨损所引起的。 The spindle rotation error refers to the actual rotary spindle each moment axis relative to the average amount of changes in the rotation axis, it will directly affect the machining precision. The main reason for the error of spindle has the alignment error of the spindle, the error of the bearing itself, alignment error between bearing and spindle wound degree, etc. Guide is on the machine tool benchmark to determine the relations of the relative location of each machine components, and machine tool movement benchmark. Guide itself manufacture error, the uneven wear of the guide rail and installation quality is one of the important factors causing error of guideway. On both ends of the transmission chain error is refers to the beginning and end of the transmission chain transmission components of relative motion between the error. It is by the transmission chain of each constituent in the manufacturing and assembly errors, and used in the process of wear and tear. 2刀具的几何误差 2 cutting tool geometry error 任何刀具在切削过程中都不可避免要产生磨损，并由此引起工件尺寸和形状地改变。刀具几何误差对机械加工误差的影响随刀具种类的不同而不同：采用定尺寸刀具加工时，刀具的制造误差会直接影响工件的加工精度；而对一般刀具(如车刀等)，其制造误差对机械加工误差无直接影响。 Any cutting tool in cutting process is inevitable to produce wear and tear, and the resulting artifact size and shape to change. Cutting tool geometry error of machining error varies with the type of the cutting tool and the influence of different: using fixed size cutting tool machining, cutting tool will directly affect the manufacturing error of workpiece machining accuracy; For general tool (such as turning tool, etc.), the manufacturing error had no direct effect on machining error. 3夹具的几何误差 3 fixture of geometric errors 　　夹具的作用是使工件相当于刀具和机床具有正确的位置，因此夹具的几何误差对机械加工误差(特别是位置误差)有很大影响。 Fixture's role is to make the workpiece is equivalent to cutting tool and machine tool has the correct position, so the fixture geometric error on machining errors of position error (especially) has a great influence.